The subjects were assigned to 12 weekly classes that lasted 75 minutes each.
The yoga was a type known as viniyoga, which features poses adapted for the individual condition of those in the class, breathing exercises and a deep relaxation period. Classes were taught by instructors with more than 500 hours of training.
The stretch classes were taught by licensed physical therapists with teaching experience and two hours of training in techniques that focused on the trunk, legs, hamstrings and hips. Some strengthening exercises were also included.
The third group was given a self-care book called “The Back Pain Helpbook” to read for tips on alleviating pain.
“Back-related dysfunction declined over time in all groups,” the study said, noting that compared to the handbook group, the yoga group reported superior function at 12 and 26 weeks.
The stretching group reported superior function at six, 12 and 26 weeks. At no point in the follow-up analysis was there a statistically meaningful difference between the stretching and yoga groups.
“But it’s important for the classes to be therapeutically oriented, geared for beginners, and taught by instructors who can modify postures for participants’ individual physical limitations.”
A separate study released earlier this year suggested yoga can lower stress and improve quality of life among breast cancer patients.
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A Randomized Trial Comparing Yoga, Stretching, and a Self-care Book for Chronic Low Back Pain Karen J. Sherman, PhD, MPH; Daniel C. Cherkin, PhD; Robert D. Wellman, MS; Andrea J. Cook, PhD; Rene J. Hawkes, BS; Kristin Delaney, MPH; Richard A. Deyo, MD, MPH
Arch Intern Med. Published online October 24, 2011. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2011.524
Background Chronic low back pain is a common problem lacking highly effective treatment options. Small trials suggest that yoga may have benefits for this condition. This trial was designed to determine whether yoga is more effective than conventional stretching exercises or a self-care book for primary care patients with chronic low back pain.
Methods A total of 228 adults with chronic low back pain were randomized to 12 weekly classes of yoga (92 patients) or conventional stretching exercises (91 patients) or a self-care book (45 patients). Back-related functional status (modified Roland Disability Questionnaire, a 23-point scale) and bothersomeness of pain (an 11-point numerical scale) at 12 weeks were the primary outcomes. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 6, 12, and 26 weeks by interviewers unaware of treatment group.
Results After adjustment for baseline values, 12-week outcomes for the yoga group were superior to those for the self-care group (mean difference for function, –2.5 [95% CI, –3.7 to –1.3]; P < .001; mean difference for symptoms, –1.1 [95% CI, –1.7 to –0.4]; P < .001). At 26 weeks, function for the yoga group remained superior (mean difference, –1.8 [95% CI, –3.1 to –0.5]; P < .001). Yoga was not superior to conventional stretching exercises at any time point.
Conclusion Yoga classes were more effective than a self-care book, but not more effective than stretching classes, in improving function and reducing symptoms due to chronic low back pain, with benefits lasting at least several months.
Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00447668
